Photography & digital imaging science

Photivra documents the physical and mathematical models behind its camera and imaging calculations. These pages explain the equations, units, assumptions, and limitations without collapsing different physical effects into one score.

• Field of viewRectilinear projection, sensor size, focal length, and focus-aware projection distance.
• Thin-lens equationIdeal Gaussian image distance, magnification, and projection scale.
• Depth of fieldFocus distance, aperture, focal length, and circle-of-confusion criteria.
• Motion blurProjected representative-point displacement during an exposure.
• Diffraction & Airy diskIdeal circular-pupil diffraction and first-zero diameter.
• Pixel pitchSensor dimensions, pixel sampling, and physical pixel spacing.
• Exposure valueEV100, aperture, shutter time, and relative optical exposure.
• Signal to noisePhotoelectrons, Poisson shot noise, read noise, and SNR.